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Modernising .NET Framework applications

A large amount of working, valuable software still runs on .NET Framework 4.x, and the honest position is that "still on Framework" is not by itself a problem. Framework remains supported as a Windows component. The reasons to move are concrete ones: cross-platform and container deployment, materially better performance, access to current libraries, and the ability to hire people who want to work on the result.

Where migration genuinely hurts is rarely the language. It is the parts of Framework with no direct successor - WCF services, Web Forms, AppDomains, and anything leaning on Windows-specific APIs. Each has a path forward (gRPC or minimal APIs, Blazor or a separate front end, process isolation, Windows Compatibility Pack), but they are redesigns rather than recompiles and should be planned as such.

We normally advise an incremental route over a rewrite. The strangler-fig pattern - standing up a modern application alongside the old one and moving functionality across route by route - keeps the system shippable throughout. Big-bang rewrites of business-critical Framework applications have a poor track record, and the version you are replacing usually contains years of undocumented edge-case handling that nobody has written down.

Choosing sensibly across the Microsoft stack

The Microsoft ecosystem now offers several defensible answers to most questions, which makes over-engineering easy. For web APIs, minimal APIs suit small focused services while MVC controllers remain the better fit for larger applications with substantial routing and filter requirements. Both are first-class; the choice should follow team familiarity and application size rather than novelty.

On the front end, Blazor is a genuine option for line-of-business applications where a mostly-C# team is the deciding factor, and Server versus WebAssembly is really a question about latency tolerance and offline behaviour. For public, content-heavy or SEO-sensitive sites, an established JavaScript framework is usually still the pragmatic choice, and we will say so.

For data access, Entity Framework Core covers most application needs, with Dapper or raw SQL for hot paths where the generated query is genuinely the bottleneck. Mixing them deliberately in one codebase is normal and healthy - the mistake is choosing one for ideological reasons and then working around it everywhere.

Azure, licensing and total cost

Moving a .NET application to Azure is rarely the cheapest option on paper and frequently the cheapest in practice, once the cost of running, patching and recovering your own Windows servers is counted honestly. App Service suits most web applications, Container Apps or AKS suit containerised workloads, and Azure SQL removes a large amount of database administration.

Licensing deserves attention early rather than at procurement. Azure Hybrid Benefit can substantially reduce cost for organisations with existing Windows Server and SQL Server licences, and SQL tiering choices often matter more to the monthly bill than compute sizing does. These are worth modelling before architecture is fixed, because they can legitimately change the design.

We are equally comfortable saying that a well-run application on existing infrastructure should stay where it is. Cloud migration is a means to an outcome - resilience, elasticity, reduced operational load - and where none of those are pressing, the money is usually better spent on the application itself.

help_outline FAQ

Frequently asked questions

Should we migrate from .NET Framework to .NET Core? expand_more
Not automatically. .NET Framework remains supported as a Windows component, so 'still on Framework' is not itself a problem. Migrate for concrete reasons: cross-platform or container deployment, materially better performance, access to current libraries, and easier hiring. The hard parts are WCF, Web Forms and Windows-specific APIs, which are redesigns rather than recompiles.
How do you migrate a large .NET application safely? expand_more
Incrementally, using the strangler-fig pattern - a modern application stood up alongside the old one with functionality moved across route by route, so the system stays shippable throughout. Big-bang rewrites of business-critical Framework applications have a poor track record, largely because the old version encodes years of undocumented edge cases.
Blazor or a JavaScript framework? expand_more
Blazor is a strong choice for internal line-of-business applications, especially where the team is mostly C#; Server versus WebAssembly comes down to latency tolerance and offline needs. For public, content-heavy or SEO-sensitive sites, an established JavaScript framework is usually still the more pragmatic option.
Entity Framework Core or Dapper? expand_more
EF Core for the great majority of application data access, with Dapper or raw SQL on hot paths where the generated query is genuinely the bottleneck. Mixing both deliberately in one codebase is normal - the mistake is picking one on principle and then working around it everywhere.
Will moving to Azure reduce our costs? expand_more
Often, though rarely on the raw compute line. The saving usually appears once the real cost of running, patching and recovering your own Windows servers is counted. Azure Hybrid Benefit can cut cost significantly if you already hold Windows Server and SQL Server licences. If your current infrastructure runs well and none of resilience, elasticity or operational load are pressing, we will tell you to stay put.

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